Python Shutil 操作：掌握文件复制、移动和归档处理

            import shutil
            

              
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            import shutil

# Example: Copy a file
src_file = 'source_file.txt'
dst_file = 'destination_file.txt'
shutil.copy(src_file, dst_file)
print(f'File \'{src_file}\' copied to \'{dst_file}\'')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Copy a file and preserve metadata
src_file = 'source_file.txt'
dst_file = 'destination_file.txt'

# Create a source file to demonstrate the metadata preservation
with open(src_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write('This is a test file.')

original_mtime = os.path.getmtime(src_file)

shutil.copy2(src_file, dst_file)

new_mtime = os.path.getmtime(dst_file)

print(f'Original modification time: {original_mtime}')
print(f'New modification time: {new_mtime}')
print(f'File \'{src_file}\' copied to \'{dst_file}\' with metadata preserved.')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Copy a directory tree
src_dir = 'source_directory'
dst_dir = 'destination_directory'

# Create a source directory and some files to copy
os.makedirs(src_dir, exist_ok=True)
with open(os.path.join(src_dir, 'file1.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file1')
with open(os.path.join(src_dir, 'file2.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file2')

shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir, dirs_exist_ok=True) # dirs_exist_ok=True to overwrite if it exists.
print(f'Directory \'{src_dir}\' copied to \'{dst_dir}\'')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Move a file
src_file = 'source_file.txt'
dst_file = 'destination_directory/moved_file.txt'

# Create a dummy source file
with open(src_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write('This is a test file.')

# Create destination directory if it doesn't exist
os.makedirs('destination_directory', exist_ok=True)

shutil.move(src_file, dst_file)
print(f'File \'{src_file}\' moved to \'{dst_file}\'')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Move a directory
src_dir = 'source_directory'
dst_dir = 'destination_directory'

# Create a source directory and some files to copy
os.makedirs(src_dir, exist_ok=True)
with open(os.path.join(src_dir, 'file1.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file1')

#Create destination directory if it doesn't exist
os.makedirs('destination_directory', exist_ok=True)

shutil.move(src_dir, dst_dir)
print(f'Directory \'{src_dir}\' moved to \'{dst_dir}\'')

            

              
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            import os

# Example: Delete a file
file_to_delete = 'file_to_delete.txt'

# Create a dummy file to delete
with open(file_to_delete, 'w') as f:
    f.write('This file will be deleted.')

os.remove(file_to_delete)
print(f'File \'{file_to_delete}\' deleted.')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Delete a directory tree
dir_to_delete = 'directory_to_delete'

# Create a directory and some files to delete
os.makedirs(dir_to_delete, exist_ok=True)
with open(os.path.join(dir_to_delete, 'file1.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file1')

shutil.rmtree(dir_to_delete)
print(f'Directory \'{dir_to_delete}\' and its contents deleted.')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Create a zip archive
dir_to_archive = 'archive_this_directory'
archive_name = 'my_archive'
archive_format = 'zip'

# Create a directory and some files to archive
os.makedirs(dir_to_archive, exist_ok=True)
with open(os.path.join(dir_to_archive, 'file1.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file1')
with open(os.path.join(dir_to_archive, 'file2.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Content of file2')

archive_path = shutil.make_archive(archive_name, archive_format, root_dir=dir_to_archive)
print(f'Archive created at: {archive_path}')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os

# Example: Extract a zip archive
archive_file = 'my_archive.zip'
extract_dir = 'extracted_directory'

# Create a zip archive first (as shown in the previous example if you dont have one.)
if not os.path.exists(archive_file):
    dir_to_archive = 'archive_this_directory'
    os.makedirs(dir_to_archive, exist_ok=True)
    with open(os.path.join(dir_to_archive, 'file1.txt'), 'w') as f:
        f.write('Content of file1')
    with open(os.path.join(dir_to_archive, 'file2.txt'), 'w') as f:
        f.write('Content of file2')
    archive_path = shutil.make_archive('my_archive', 'zip', root_dir=dir_to_archive)
    print(f'Archive created at: {archive_path}')

# Extract the archive
shutil.unpack_archive(archive_file, extract_dir)
print(f'Archive extracted to: {extract_dir}')

            

              
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            import shutil
import os
import datetime

def backup_directory(source_dir, backup_dir):
    '''Backs up a directory to a backup location with a timestamp.'''
    try:
        # Create the backup directory with a timestamp
        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
        backup_location = os.path.join(backup_dir, f'{os.path.basename(source_dir)}_{timestamp}')
        os.makedirs(backup_location, exist_ok=True)

        # Copy the directory tree
        shutil.copytree(source_dir, backup_location, dirs_exist_ok=True)
        print(f'Successfully backed up \'{source_dir}\' to \'{backup_location}\'')

    except OSError as e:
        print(f'Error during backup: {e}')

# Example usage:
source_directory = 'my_data'
backup_directory_location = 'backups'

#Create dummy data
os.makedirs(source_directory, exist_ok=True)
with open(os.path.join(source_directory, 'data.txt'), 'w') as f:
    f.write('Some important data.')

backup_directory(source_directory, backup_directory_location)

            

              
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